FUNERARILE LUI CEZAR !

 1-Acest articol este copiat !

2-Istoria ramane pasiunea mea nr-1!

On March 18, 44 BC, on the day Caesar was supposed to leave for his campaigns to Dacia and Parthia, the Dictator was given a funeral. Crowds gathered to watch the popular leader be properly set off. At this moment Antony seized the opportunity to rally the citizenry to his side. He had the contents of Caesar's will read out loud, and the oaths taken by each senator to keep Caesar safe. The will included a donative of 75 Denarii, or 300 Sesterces, to each citizen, and that Caesar's gardens would be given to the public. In a final act to whip the crowds into a frenzy, Antony waved around Caesar's toga before them, torn apart by the attacks of the conspirators and covered in the Dictator's blood.

---

The crowd began to rampage in the Forum, and Caesar was cremated on an improvised pyre. Antony had cleverly used the fragile mood of the crowd to turn the situation completely into his favor in Rome and force the conspirators to leave lest they risk being lynched. A civil Tribune, Cinna, was actually mistaken as a conspirator in the confusion and killed. The houses of the conspirators and their sympathizers were also attacked. One by one, Caesar's assassins left Rome starting with Brutus and Cassius on April 13. Decimus went to Cisalpine Gaul to assume his governorship, as did Trebonius in Asia and Tilius Cimber to Bithynia. Antony's plan, it seemed, had gone without a hitch.

---

However Antony faced two problems. The most immediate issue was his Legionary veterans, expecting their grants of land and pensions upon discharge from service. Roman Legionaries at this time typically served for periods of six years, but could just as well serve much less, even less than a year. They were expected to serve a total of 20 years, though many in this period re-enlisted and became long-term service professionals. Antony spent a month out of Rome overseeing their grants of land and founding colonies for the veterans to settle on. His second issue came from overseas at the town of Apollonia: Octavian, who had been named Caesar's adoptive son and heir to three quarters of his massive estates in the Dictator's will.

Battle of Dresden's

 1-Acest articol este copiat !

2-Istoria ramane pasiunea mea nr-1!

26 August 1813 marks the Battle of Dresden's 1st day in the 6th Coalition War when Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte’s 100-135,000 men* defeated Allied Supreme Commander Field Marshal Prince Karl zu Schwarzenberg’s 99,976 Habsburg**, 34,599 Prussian & 25,193 Russian infantry & 13,194 Habsburg, 7,376 Russian, 6,932 Prussian & 2,793 Cossack cavalry – totaling 159,768 infantry & 30,295 cavalry. Habsburg Emperor Franz I, Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III & Russian Tsar Aleksándr Pavlovich were also present.

*While the overwhelming majority of Napoleon’s men at Dresden were French, some weren’t. His 244 infantry battalions included 237 French, 4 German (3 Westphalian & 1 Saxon), 2 Italian & 1 Spanish. His 145 cavalry squadrons included 91 French, 23 German (8 Saxon, 8 Württemberger, 5 Berg & 2 Westphalian), 14 Italian, 10 Dutch & 7 Polish.

**While it’s common to call Habsburg soldiers “Austrian,” most weren’t ethnic Austrians. The Hauptarmee was a multinational force. At Dresden, Schwarzenberg led 26 Bohemian (Czech), 24 Hungarian, 17 Galician (Polish), 16 Moravian (Czech), 6 Austrian, 3 Wallachian (Romanian), 2 Illyrian (Albanian), 2 Croat, 1 Slovene & 1 German infantry bns & 35 Bohemian, 18 Moravian, 18 Austrian, 16 Hungarian, 6 Slovak & 4 Polish cavalry sqns. As such, I call them “Habsburgs” or “Habsburgers” instead of “Austrians.”

Schwarzenberg besieged Saxony’s capital, Dresden. Marshal Laurent St. Cyr’s XIV Corps (20,000 French & Saxons) held it. The Elbe River divided it in half. A high wall protected the Old City, facing Schwarzenberg. Suburbs extended beyond it. 5 redoubts ringed them. Each had a gun & infantry. 3 were too far from each other to offer mutual support. Gates were blocked. Trees were cut down to provide a clear field of fire. The Grand Garden southwest of Dresden between Redoubts 2 & 3 was key to any attacks.

The Allies surrounded Dresden. Schwarzenberg led the center & left wing - 9 Austrian infantry & 3 cavalry divisions & 128 guns. Cavalry General Count Peter zu Wittgenstein led the right wing - 2 Russian infantry divisions, Lieutenant General Friedrich von Kleist’s Prussians & 158 guns. Infantry General Count Barclay de Tolly led the central reserve – 2 Russian grenadier & 4 Guard cavalry divisions, the Prussian Royal Guard & 150 guns. The Weisseritz Ravine divided Schwarzenberg’s left & center. This would be a decisive factor later in the battle.

The Russian campaign had devastated Napoleon’s army. His mostly conscript infantry were in poor condition & hastily trained. They maneuvered badly, marched slowly & many couldn’t even load muskets. His cavalry were poorly mounted & equally ill trained. 80% never rode a horse before. The Polish & Saxon cavalry were better. With over 1,200 guns lost in Russia, the artillery had been hastily rebuilt. New guns were mounted on unseasoned wood, prone to cracking. But general morale was high. The French still believed themselves invincible.

Schwarzenberg attacked at 03:00, 26 August. When he learned Napoleon was in the area, he reconsidered. But his men were already engaged with French pickets. At 05:00, Prussian Major Generals Count Hans Ziethen’s (7,662 foot: 1. Inf., 10. Reserve Inf., 8. Landwehr Inf.; 8 guns) & Georg von Pirch’s (7,422: 2. Inf., 7. RI, 9. LW; 8 guns) brigades seized Strehlen, southwest of the Grand Garden. They charged the Garden – 1.5 square km of open space in an oblong shape. Controlling it was vital before further progress could be made.

MG Roth’s Advance Guard (5,920 Russian foot: 20-21st, 24-26th Jägers; Selenginsk Inf., 12 guns)attacked its northeast corner under the fire of Redoubt 2. At 07:30 Roth & the 23rd Jägers (1,450 men) switched targets. They now attacked Pirna suburb south of Dresden between the Garden & the Elbe. Redoubt 3’s artillery repelled the 23rd. By 10:30, the Allies held half the Garden & its central palace. They deployed a battery on Windmill Hill south of Pirna.

At 09:00, the Habsburg No. 58 Inf. (1,791 foot) attacked Friedrichstadt north of Dresden, along the Elbe. They were repelled, retiring after expending their ammunition. At 11:00, the Allies saw French streaming into Dresden. Napoleon had arrived between 09:00-10:00. St. Cyr’s men said, “There is Napoleon! Things will soon be very different!” He strengthened the redoubts’ artillery & sent 25 Old Guards to each street barricade. Their mere presence greatly boosted morale.

At 14:00, Marshal Joachim Murat arrived with Division General Victor Latour-Maubourg’s I Cavalry Corps (16,537). Napoleon sent them to his right wing. Murat took command of Latour, DG Pierre Pajol’s 10e Light Cavalry & DG François Teste’s 23e Infantry. At 15:00, Marshals Edouard Mortier’s Imperial Guard & Michel Ney’s II Young Guard Corps (24 bns each) arrived. Napoleon sent Mortier to Pirna & Ney to Redoubt IV, west of Dresden, facing Schwarzenberg’s center. 1 Old Guard regiment was sent to Pirna, 1 to Redoubt 4 & 1 to Freiburg suburb near Friedrichstadt. 2 more formed a central reserve. The men were exhausted after 72 hours marching, but eager for battle.

At 16:00, 72 Habsburg guns targeted Redoubts 3, 4 & 5. 2 French batteries were overwhelmed & withdrew. Dresden caught fire. Many citizens fled to their cellars. Napoleon rode to the front. Field Marshal Lieutenants Count Moritz von Liechtenstein’s (2,940 Habsburg foot: 1-2nd & 7th Jägers, No. 7 Inf.; 1,459 horse: No. 1 & 4 Chevaulegers; 14 guns) & Hieronymus von Colloredo’s (13,837 foot) divisions attacked Redoubt 3, held by the 27e Légère. Canister shot from the redoubt shredded & halted them.

Suddenly the guns went silent. They’d run out of ammunition. The Habsburgers charged. They seized the redoubt in savage bayonet fighting. They pursued the 27e into Machzinsky Garden. They met an 8-foot-high wall behind a ditch & palisade. The 27e manned the wall & fired volleys into their foes. The Habsburgians fell back, rallied & charged. Old Guard Grenadiers & Middle Guard Fusiliers counterattacked. Most of the Habsburgians became trapped. They surrendered. 180 French & 344 Habsburgian corpses later were found in Redoubt 3.

Also at 16:00, FML Nikolaus von Weissenwolf’s division (12,423 Habsburg foot; 18 guns) charged Redoubt 4. He seized it after a ferocious bombardment that killed or wounded 96 of its garrison. An Old Guard 2e Chasseurs company ejected him. The No. 1 Inf. attacked Redoubt 5 twice, failing but inflicting heavy losses. They occupied Lobtau northwest of Dresden. FML József Meszko’s division (5,217 Habsburg foot: No. 12-13, 16 & 58 Inf.; 1,426 horse: No. 3 & 12 Husaren) reached the Elbe north of Dresden. They retreated to avoid being trapped.

At 16:00 Wittgenstein led LG Prince Andrei Gorkachov’s I Russian (6,919 foot, 24 guns) & Kleist’s II Prussian (29,253 foot, 2,177 horse, 32 guns) Korps from Blasewitz Wood north against Pirna. Near Windmill Hill, a 30 gun battery on the Elbe’s opposing bank opened fire. It & Redoubt 1’s guns shredded I Korps. The Young Guard hurled Wittgenstein back. He counterattacked with 6 bns. The Guard inflicted heavy casualties, chasing him back to the woods. Kleist reached Moszczynski Garden. DG Pierre Berthezène chased him off.

Kleist also attacked Grand Garden, now held by DG Mihel Claparède. Kleist reached Redoubt 2. Habsburgers supported him by attacking Redoubt 3 on the Garden’s other side. Suddenly music came from Dresden. The Young Guard hurled Kleist back. Also at 16:00, Roth attacked Grand Garden. He seized it & stormed Redoubt 2 at 17:00. Mortier led Pierre Dumostier’s (Young Guard Fusilier-Chasseurs & Grenadiers, 1-3e & 6-7e Voltigeurs; 24 guns) & Pierre Barrois’ (YG Flanqeur-Grenadiers & Chasseurs, 1-3e & 6-7e Tirailleurs; 24 guns) divisions from Pirna. 2 Old Guard bns followed. He pushed Roth back, recapturing half the garden.

Napoleon deployed 35 guns before Friedrichstadt. Murat’s command, joined by DG Jean Razout’s 45e Division, deployed behind them. The 21e Ligne attacked Lobtau, still held by the No. 1 Inf. After a 10-20 minute artillery duel, 4 Vistula Uhlan sqns bypassed Lobtau. They routed the No. 12 Husaren (641 horse). The No. 8 Husaren (605 horse) drove the Poles back. French & Italian cavalry drove the No. 8s back. Murat’s remaining cavalry drove back Meszko & Weissenwolf. They reached the Habsburger guns. The No. 3 Chevaulegers drove them off. The Saxon Zastow Cuirassiers & Garde du Corps (4 sqns each) shredded a No. 12 Inf. bn & attacked the gunners.

Napoleon ordered a general counterattack. From 19-20:00, Mortier drove Roth from Windmill Hill into the woods. He then swung right to the Grand Garden. The Young Guard attacked Redoubt 3. 50 Guardsmen entered a gate. It closed behind them, trapping them. 500 Habsburgers attacked. With no officers, a drum-major took command. He felled the Habsburger leader with his baton. The detachment held out until relieved by 2 regiments.

Redoubt 3 fell. 400 captives were taken. Ney attacked Schwarzenberg’s center-left between FML Frederick Bianchi & Colloredo. Both FMLs fell back to avoid being cut off. A bn was captured. Ney seemed unstoppable. To save his center-left from total collapse, Schwarzenberg sent FML Marquis Johann von Chasteler’s grenadier division (5,193 Habsburg foot, 12 guns). They halted Ney in vicious fighting. They took heavy losses. Darkness ended the action.

Napoleon lost 2,000 dead/wounded. Schwarzenberg lost 4,000 dead/wounded, 2,000 captive. Napoleon had recaptured all the ground lost to the Allies. Morale was high & supplies plentiful. At 22:00, he distributed crosses to a Young Guard bn escorting 700 Austrian captives. Marshals Claude Victor’s II (25,158 men) & Auguste Marmont’s VI (27,000) Corps & DG Charles Lefebvre-Desnouettes’ Guard Cavalry Division (10 sqns) arrived in the night.

At midnight, torrential rains began. They continued all night & all next day. Allied morale was low. Supplies were short. They had gained nothing. All of them dreaded Napoleon’s presence. After a war council, the Allies decided to continue the battle next day.

La batalla de Ilipa

 1-Acest articol este copiat !

2-Istoria ramane pasiunea mea nr-1!

La batalla de Ilipa

Fue un enfrentamiento militar que tuvo lugar durante la segunda guerra púnica, en la primavera de 206 a. C., entre las legiones de la República romana, lideradas por Publio Cornelio Escipión el Africano, y el ejército de la República de Cartago, comandada por Asdrúbal Giscón y Magón Barca. Tuvo lugar en las inmediaciones de Alcalá del Río, localidad identificada con la ciudad romana de Ilipa, situada en la margen derecha del río Guadalquivir. Existe un debate historiográfico acerca de la ubicación de la batalla, ya que algunos autores la localizan en la margen izquierda. El resultado fue una decisiva victoria romana que propició la retirada cartaginesa y la conquista romana de Hispania

General Marcus Claudius Marcellus

 1-Acest articol este copiat !

2-Istoria ramane pasiunea mea nr-1!

General Marcus Claudius Marcellus, Consul five times, the most highly decorated Roman war leader, victor of Syracuse.

Archimedes was killed despite Marcellus's orders to preserve him. So the Roman general gathered together his fantastic machines and vast scientific library for the purpose of preserving it for posterity. However, Marcellus died in an ambush. Hannibal returned his body and when it and Archimedes' treasures were dispatched north to Rome, both disappeared en route. No one knows what became of them.

Bătălia de la Războieni/Valea Albă

 1-Acest articol este copiat !

2-Istoria ramane pasiunea mea nr-1!

S-a întâmplat în 26 iulie1476: Bătălia de la Războieni/Valea Albă (judeţul Neamţ); deşi armata turcă a câştigat această bătălie, sultanul Mahomed al II-lea nu a reuşit, în continuare, să cucerească Suceava şi nici Neamţul sau Hotinul, fiind silit să se retragă, hărţuit de oastea lui Ştefan cel Mare, domnitorul Moldovei.Bătălia de la Războieni/Valea Albă (25 – 26 iulie 1476), marchează revanşa otomanilor conduşi de sultanul Mehmed II (1444 – 1446, 1451 – 1481) după înfrângerea suferită la Vaslui în faţa lui Ştefan cel Mare (1457 – 1504), domnul Moldovei.Dezastrul armatei otomane, cu un an în urmă, nu putea să rămână nepedepsit de cuceritorul Constantinopolelui, care comandă personal campania din 1476, aducând în Moldova forţe evaluate de sursele contemporane între 90 000 şi 150 000 de oameni, plus un contingent de trupe muntene, de 10 000 – 12 000 de luptători, puşi la dispoziţie de domnul muntean, Laiotă Basarab (1473 – 1477), trecut de partea otomanilor. În acelaşi timp, porunceşte tătarilor să prade Moldova, pentru a slăbi şi mai mult apărarea ţării. Armata otomană trece Dunărea în a doua jumătate a lunii iunie 1476, apoi înaintează pe Valea Siretului, spre Suceava.În aceste condiţii, Ştefan întăreşte cetăţile, trimite o parte a oastei împotriva tătarilor, reuşind să-i alunge din ţară şi îi lipseşte pe turci de mijloace de aprovizionare. Fără a primi ajutor de la poloni sau de la unguri, Ştefan este nevoit să opună armatei invadatoare doar cca. 12 000 de oşteni. Îşi stabileşte tabăra pe un platou înalt, situat pe valea Pârâului Alb, un afluent al râului Moldova, unde se fortifică cu şanţuri, palisade şi căruţe legate între ele, după model husit. La 25 iulie 1476, atacă avangarda otomană condusă de beilerbey-ul Rumeliei, Süleyman Hadâmbul, pe care-l învinsese la Vaslui. Provoacă mari pierderi, dar sosirea spahiilor îl obligă să se retragă în tabăra întărită, la adăpostul artileriei. A doua zi, pe 26 iulie 1476, după un duel de artilerie, otomanii atacă cu infanteria formată din azapi, care este respinsă, cu mari pierderi. Sultanul porneşte atacul decisiv în fruntea ienicerilor, iar Ştefan, după o rezistenţă înverşunată, copleşit de numărul adversarilor, este nevoit să abandoneze tabăra şi să se retragă, prin pădure.Cronicarul Grigore Ureche descrie încleştarea astfel: „Şi multă vreme trăind războiul neales de îmbe părţile osteniţi şi turcii tot adăugându-se cu oaste prospătă şi moldovenii obosiţi şi nevindu-le ajutor de nici o parte, au picat, nu fiştecum, ci până la moarte să apără, nici biruiţi dintru arme, ci stropşiţi de mulţimea turcească, au rămas dobânda la turci.Şi atâţia de ai noştri au perit cât au înălbit poiana de trupurile de a celor periţi, pănă au fost războiu. Şi mulţi din boierii cei mari au picat şi vitejii cei buni au perit, şi fu scârbă [tristeţe, n.n.] mare a toată ţara şi tuturor domnilor şi crailor dimprinprejur, dacă auziră ce au căzut moldovenii supt mâna păgânilor” (Letopiseţul Ţării Moldovei).Deşi cronicarul moldovean arată că pierderile au fost mari de partea lui Ştefan, alte surse creştine, e drept, subiective, arată că pierderile au fost foarte mici.Astfel, cronicarul polon Jan Długosz le estimează la „mai mult de 200 de morţi”, iar italianul Giovanni Maria Angiolello afirmă că „au fost ucişi vreo 200 şi prinşi cam 800”. Oricum, dată fiind desfăşurarea ulterioară a evenimentelor, suntem îndreptăţiţi să credem că Ştefan şi-a salvat cea mai mare parte a oştirii, pe care a regrupat-o, aşteptând întăririle din Ungaria.În acest timp, otomanii au jefuit ţara, dar cetăţile au rezistat. Spre sfârşitul lunii august, otomanii încep retragerea, fiind urmăriţi de oastea lui Ştefan şi de soldaţii din Transilvania, veniţi totuşi prea târziu. La începutul lui noiembrie, Ştefan şi voievodul transilvan pătrund în Ţara Românească, aducându-l la domnie pe Vlad Ţepeş (1456 – 1462, 1476), care nu va rezista însă mai mult de două luni. Urmările campaniei otomane din 1476 în Moldova au fost dramatice: ţara a fost devastată de raidurile tătărăşti şi otomane, multe bunuri au fost jefuite, activităţile economice au fost perturbate. Cu toate acestea, Ştefan continuă eforturile diplomatice pentru menţinerea coaliţiei antiotomane, dar în zadar. Conştient că lupta cu Imperiul Otoman nu poate fi câştigată pe termen lung, va accepta să plătească din nou tribut sultanului, în a doua jumătate a anului 1479 sau în prima parte a anului 1480.

Caracalla

 1-Acest articol este copiat !

2-Istoria ramane pasiunea mea nr-1!

As emperor Caracalla waged successful campaigns against barbarian tribes along Rome's northern frontiers, but this was not to be the only region he fought in. In 214 AD the emperor began gathering a new army for a campaign, this time into the East against the Parthian Empire, likely mustering his troops in Syria as was common in Roman Eastern operations. However, exactly why he chose Parthia as a target isn't entirely clear. If he was as great of an admirer of Alexander the Great as some claimed, then he may have sought to emulate his successes in the East against the Persians.

-

Cassius Dio and Herodian also record that a marriage issue was at the heart of Caracalla's reasoning, sending a proposition to the Parthian king Artabanus to marry his daughter and form an alliance between Rome and Parthia. Dio claims that Artabanus flatly refused the offer, while Herodian says that Caracalla convinced him to accept with grand ideas of how the combined power of the armies of the two empires would be invincible, though this was allegedly a ruse to lure the Parthians into a false sense of security. It is, however, just as or more likely that Caracalla was simply seeking a lucrative campaign in the East, especially considering Rome's recent wars with Parthia had been very successful.

-

Furthermore, Parthia must have appeared to be a tempting target. King Vologases IV had recently died in 208 AD, leaving the throne to be disputed between his sons Vologases V and Artabanus. This, perhaps inevitably, led to a civil war, in which Artabanus eventually appears to have gained the upper hand. At least from 216 AD onwards, the Romans considered him to be the undisputed ruler of Parthia. However, based on surviving Parthian coinage Vologases continued to lay claim to the throne during this time, though without any success, and was much reduced in influence. At the same time, unrest was brewing in the more eastern parts of the Parthian Empire, where a Persian uprising led by the Sassanids was gathering more momentum, led by a nobleman named Ardashir. War was truly upon Parthia in earnest.

O NOUA MODIFICARE !

 1-VA SALUT SI AM PLACEREA SA VA COMUNIC TUTUROR CA PENTRU CATEVA ZILE SAU O LUNA VOI POSTA ARTICOLE COPIATE !

2-SUNT PRINS CU MUTATUL DINTR-UN ORAS IN ALTUL IAR MATERIAELE MELE SUNT MAI GREU DE FACUT IN ACEASTA PERIOADA !

3-VA MULTUMESC FRUMOS PENTRU INTELEGERE !

4-ISTORIA RAMANE PASIUNEA MEA NR-1!

Lucullus-Ridicarea spre Putere in Roma-Antica !Partea-1!

 1-Apropiat al lui Sulla !

2-La ordinele lui Sulla pune capat revoltelor din Italia .

3-Lucullus a reprezentat principalul-general dupa Sulla !

   1-Nu Pompey !

4-Lucullus un general care a pus baza unei intelegeri cu Senatul  !

    1-Inca de cand traia Sulla !

    2-Dupa moartea lui Sulla in Senat Lucullus a recunoscut Senatul ca principala forma de guvernare in toata Republica .

5-A pus baza unei clase intelectuale in Senat si viata sociala !  

    1-Foarte iubit in randul legiunilor .

6-In 75-I-HR-Mitridade a declarat razboi-Romei .

7-In 75-I-HR-Lucullus a fost ales-Consul alaturi de Cato .

8-Cato cu 3 legiuni vs Mitridade .

9-Cato s-a retras !Mitridade era prea puternic .

10-Roma dorea sa il trimita pe Lucullus cu intariri spre Cato .

REZUMAT !

1-Lucullus si Sulla .

2-Lucullus vs Mitridade .

3-Lucullus si Senatul-Roman .

Familia lui Sulla !Partea -2!

 1-Sulla si-a pus familia in cele mai bune poziti din Roma !

2-Sulla a reusit uciderea lui Cina .

3-Sulla nu s-a intalnit pe campul de lupta cu Gaius-Marius !

   1-Marius a murit in exil .

4-Trupele lui Sulla curatau Roma de orice Marian care inca nu se supunea !

5-In 88-I-HR-Sulla a starnit Senatul cu aceste actiuni !

REZUMAT !

1-Sulla vs Gaius-Marius !

2-Sulla in Roma !

Familia lui Sulla !Partea -1!

 1-Sulla a decis sa intre in Roma si sa ucida pe toti Mariani care luptau impotriva sa !

2-Sulla totusi a decis sa ierte o parte din Mariani !

   1-Dorea sa isi protejeze puterea,familia si legiunile .

3-Sulla dorea o ramura de mostenitori foarte lunga si de durata .

4-Sulla s-a aliat cu familia-Metallus !

   1-Familia Mettalus a reprezenta o puternica familie-senatoriala din perioada-Republicana .

5-Sulla in 88-I-HR-Consul !

   1-Sulla deja casatorit de 3 ori !

6-Sulla era noul lider al Optimatilor .

7-Roma era macinata de acest razboi civil dintre Sulla si Marius .

8-Sulla si-a tinut tot timpul legiunile in alerta !

9-Multi-Romani inca il preferau pe Gaius-Marius ca lider  !

10-Sulla dorea uciderea imediata a lui Cina !

     1-Marius inca era nr 1 ca general !

REZUMAT !

1-Sulla vs Gaius-Marius !

2-Sulla in Roma !

Marcus Antonius vs Senatul-Roman !Partea 3!

 1-Marcus Antonius dorea ajutorul celor 3 legiuni loiale din Hispania .

2-Marcus Antonius spera la noi aliante  !

   1-Lepudus cu 4 legiuni in Africa .

   2-Publio cu inca 3 legiuni in Hispania .

3-Mumius cu 3 legiuni era la Granita Galia-Germania .

4-Marcus Antonius a ajuns in Galia-Transalpina .

   1-28 martie-44-HR !

5-Decimus Brutus a refuzat sa plece din Galia !

6-Decimus Brutus si-a facut tabara la Mutina .

   1-Fara intariri pentru Antonius din Hispania  !

7-Antonius dorea sa aplice tactica Alexia pentru Mutina .

8-Cicero tot punea Senatul impotriva lui Marcus-Antonius .

   1-Decimus-Brutus primea ajutor militar de la Brindisium .

9-La 1-Ianuarie-43-I-HR-Hertius si Panza au pornit impotriva lui Marcus-Antonius .

10-Octavian cu 4 legiuni spre Mutina 

    1-Prima intalnire militara intre Octavian si Marcus-Antonius .

REZUMAT !

1-Antonius vs Cicero ! 

2-Antonius vs Senat !

3-Razbunarea lui Cezar !

4-Octavian-Augustus .

Marcus Antonius vs Senatul-Roman !Partea 2!

 1-Octavian dorea sa plece in Galia pentru a sprijini legiunile-Senatului !

 2-Antonius a pornit campania in Galia-Transalpina .

3-Octavian pentru Consul in 44-I-HR !

4-Antonius vs Senatul !

   1-Octavian furios ca nu era nr 1 in acest razboi .

5-Octavian a castigat alegerile pentru Consul din 44-I-HR !

6-Antonius a spus ca Octavian nu avea varsta necesara pentru Consul .

7-Octavian i-a trimis pe Agrippa,Severus-Rufus,Gaius-Macinus dupa Legiuni si finante .

8-La Brindisium s-a aflat 3 legiuni !

   1-O legiune pentru Antonius !

   2-2 legiune pentru Octavian .

9-Antonius cu doar 2 legiuni la inceputul campaniei  din Galia .

10-Antonius a atras inca 3 legiuni de veterani 

    1-Antonius a beneficat de teribila loialitate din partea legiuni a-5!

REZUMAT !

1-Antonius vs Cicero ! 

2-Antonius vs Senat !

3-Razbunarea lui Cezar !

4-Octavian-Augustus .

 

Marcus Antonius vs Senatul-Roman !Partea 1!

 1-In 44-I-HR-Marcus Antonius a spus in Senat ca vroia guvernarea Galiei in loc de Macedonia !

   1-La fel ca Cezar !

2-Antonius avea nevoie de sprijinul Senatului pentru acest lucru !

   1-Antonius in acel moment avea peste 50 la suta din Senat impotriva sa !

   2-Omul militar-Antonius nu era pe placul Senatorilor in special al lui Cicero .

3-Antonius dorea ca mandatele de Guvernator in provincie sa creasca intre 5 si 10 ani.

   1-Majoritatea Senatului s-a opus imediat .

4-Antonius nu l-a recunoscut pe Octavian ca principalul mostenitor al lui Cezar .

    1-Octavian s-a bucurat de o popularitate mare in randul legiunilor Italice .

5-Octavian a impartit sume uriase de banii in Roma pentru sprijin .

6-Antonius cu multe legi si proiecte a trecut peste autoritatea-Senatului .

7-Antonius numai era atat de popular  !

8-Antonius dorea razbunarea lui Cezar  !

   1-Brutus si Cassius erau in topul lui Antonius si ma refer la distrugere celor 2.

9-Antonius avea 6000 de soldati in Roma pentru ordine !

   1-Cicero l-a descris ca o bruta distructiva .

10-Antonius a inceput sa stranga noi trupe pentru campania din Galia .

REZUMAT !

1-Antonius vs Cicero ! 

2-Antonius vs Senat !

3-Razbunarea lui Cezar !

4-Octavian-Augustus .

SURSE !

1-Anticariate !

2-Youtube .

Cezar vs Helveti!Partea-4!

 1-Cezar a reusit sa opreasca orice forma de hrana pentru fortele dusmane .

2-Cezar in acest razboi  a pierdut peste 5000 legionari .

3-Helveti au pierdut peste 50000 trupe .

4-Helveti numai doreau lupta !

5-Cezar a acceptat retragerea-Helvetilor

6-Triburile libere din Galia au ramas datoare lui Cezar .

7-Senatul deloc fericit cum Cezar si legiunile sale sau comportat in acest razboi .

8-Multe delegati din Galia au venit la Cezar pentru a aduce daruri .

9-Cezar si legiunile sale si-au facut tabara fix la granita cu Italia si mai precis la poalele-Alpilor .

REZUMAT !

1-Ridicarea spre putere a lui Cezar 

2-Razboaiele-Galice.

SURSE !

1-Propria-Istorie .

2-Youtube .

Cezar a dat cartile pe masa !Partea-2!

 1-Consuli din 49-I-HR au fost Marcelus si Lentudus .

2-Lentudus l-a sprijint pe Cezar !

    1-Marcelus nu l-a sprijinit .

3-Marcus Antonius a validat alegerile celor 2 !

4-Cezar dorea ca Pompey sa preia puterea !

   1-Cezar urma imediat sa preia puterea .

5-Pompey s-a aliat cu cei 2-Consuli .

6-Marcus Antonius a votat pentru Cezar .

7-Marcus Antonius s-a intalnit cu Pompey cu Cicero mediator .

8-Cicero initial de acord cu propunerile lui Marcus-Antonius 

   1-Pompey a refuzat orice propunere de a lui Antonius !

   2-Antonius in primul rand dorea imunitate pentru Cezar  si recunoastea ca cel mai bun general !

9-Cele 2 parti nu sau inteles.

10-Cezar a fost numit dusman al Statului pe 10 ianuarie-49-I-HR !

     1-Antonius s-a dus la Ravenna locul unde s-a aflat Cezar .

     2-Cezar a trecut Rubiconul cu a 13-legiune 

     3-Zarurile spre razboiul-civil a fost aruncate .

REZUMAT !

1-Ridicarea spre putere a lui Cezar 

2-Razboaiele-Civile .

SURSE !

1-Propria-Istorie .

2-Youtube .

La Batalla de Gabiene (316 a. C.)

 1-Acest articol este copiat !

2-Istoria ramane pasiunea mea nr-1.

Fue un enfrentamiento militar en el contexto de la segunda guerra de los Diádocos entre las fuerzas de Antígono I Monóftalmos y Eumenes de Cardia y terminó con la decisiva victoria del primero y la destrucción de la capacidad militar de su rival, quien poco después fue entregado por sus hombres y ejecutado.

Esta victoria ayudó a que Antígono, a finales de 315 a controlar no sólo Anatolia y Siria, sino también todas las satrapías orientales hasta las fronteras de la India.

Apenas ha vencido a Éumenes, y mientras que su aliado Casandro se impone en Macedonia contra Olimpia, Antígono se lanza a un vasto movimiento de reorganización de Asia, comportándose como un auténtico soberano. Descarta sin contemplaciones a los sátrapas, para sustituirlos por hombres suyos. Así sucede con Peucestas, al que sin embargo, debe su victoria contra Éumenes, que fue descartado en Persia, donde era muy popular. Peitón de Media es ejecutado.

Paralelamente se produjo el fallecimiento de Filipo III Arrideo, con lo que Alejandro IV quedó como el único rey y heredero. A partir de ese momento cada diádoco trató de convertirse en el más poderoso de los generales.

Antígono lanzó sus tropas contra los ejércitos de Éumenes, consiguiendo controlar toda Asia Menor. A continuación atacó a Seleuco, sátrapa de Babilonia, quien se vio obligado a refugiarse en Egipto, bajo la protección de Ptolomeo.

Antígono, imitando en esto a Alejandro, no dudó nombrar a persas para los cargos importantes. En 315 AC era el más rico y poderoso de los diádoco!

Cezar a dat cartile pe masa !Partea-1!

 1-49-I-HR !

2-Cicero a incercat o impacare dintre Cezar si Pompey .

3-Cicero intr-un final l-a sprijinit pe Pompey .

4-Cicero desi la sprijinit pe Pompey si-a dat seama ca legiunile lui Cezar erau mai puternice !

   1-Cezar un genral mai complet ca Pompey.

5-Cezar dorea inca 5 ani pentru mandatul de guvernator al Galiei !

6-Cezar stia ca sprijinul-Senatului nu era in favoarea sa .

7-Pompey s-a vazut un nou Sulla .

8-Pompey cu 3-Consulate .

    1-1-Consulat aranjat de Crassus -70-I-HR !

    2-54-I-HR aranjat de Cezar si Crassus .

   3-52-I-HR -Senatul l-a ales inainte alegerilor .

9-Pompey si-a facut aliati in Est !

10-Senatul s-a temut  la inceput de un nou Sulla dar imediat sau aliat !

  

REZUMAT !

1-Ridicarea spre putere a lui Cezar 

2-Razboaiele-Civile .

SURSE !

1-Propria-Istorie .

2-Youtube .