Moartea lui Cicero !

 1-Acest articol este copiat !

2-Istoria ramane pasiunea mea nr-1.

ANTE DIEM SEPTIMVM IDVS DECEMBRES SEPTINGENTI DECEM AB VRBE CONDITA (December 7, 43 B.C.) was killed men sent of MARCVS ANTONIVS (Marcus Antonius) Mark Antony near FORMIÆ (Formia), the writer, lawyer political, speaker and Roman philosopher MARCVS TVLLIVS CICERO (Marcus Tullius Cicero)

It is said that the last words of CICERO (Cicero) were: "There is nothing right in what you are doing, soldier, but try to kill me properly". Then, himself leaning over the litter, he inclined his head toward the assassins who cut off his head. LVCIVS ANNÆVES SENECA MAIOR (Lucio Anneo Seneca the Elder), also adds that in addition, the last sentence he said was "MORIAR INQVIT IN PATRIA SÆPE SERVATA" (That I die in the Homeland that I have saved so often). The cut head was placed by MARCVS ANTONIVS (Marco Antonio) in that place where the Rostra where he had spoken in that same year against him "ITA REALTVM CAPVT TO ANTONIVM VBI ILLE EO IPSO YEAR ADVERSVS ANTONIVM".

(Seneca the Elder)

PLVTARCVS (Plutarch) recounts that when, later, awarded the title of AVGVSTVS (Augustus), OCTAVIANVS (Octavian) found a nephew who read the works of CICERO (Cicero), took the book, and read a part. Once he had returned it, he said: "He was a wise man, my boy, a sage, and he loved his country."

CICERO (Cicero) died on December 7, 43 B.C. near FORMIÆ (Formia). The death of CICERO (Cicero) is widely reported in Life of CICERO (Cicero) of PLVTARCHVS (Plutarch).

MARCVS TVLLIVS CICERO (Marcus Tullius Cicero) (106 BC - 43 BC), with his brother QVINTVS (Quintus) and his son, was at TVSCVLVM (Tuscolo) while the triumvirs MARCVS ANTONIVS (Mark Antony), OCTAVIANVS (Octavian) and LEPIDVS (Lepido) discussed and prepared the proscription lists, on the basis of which they would proceed to the "legal" killing of numerous anti-carers, including the same CICERO (Cicero), irreducible adversary of MARCVS ANTONIVS (Mark Antonio).

According to VALERIVS MAXIMVS (Valerius Maximus) (V 3. 4), POPILIVS LÆNAS (Popilius Laenas) of the Piceno region churches on his own initiative to MARCVS ANTONIVS (Mark Antony) that CICERO (Cicero) was banished and killed.

When the three were informed, they decided to move to Astura, a seaside town between ANTIVM (Anzio) and the CIRCEII (Circeo), where Cicero owned a farm on the seashore; from there it was possible to embark for Macedonia and reach BRVTVS (Brutus), the Caesaricide who had camped in that region with an army.

They were already on their way to Astura, when QVINTVS (Quintus) and his son decided to go back.

Meanwhile, POPILIVS LÆNAS (Popilius Laenas), as he knew he had obtained this detestable task, exulting for the joy of the task received, POPILIVS (Popilius) ran to CAIETA (Gaeta), in search of the fugitives.

QVINTVS (Quintus) and his son, a few days later were joined by assassins and killed. CICERO (Cicero), however, managed to get to Astura and take the sea.

At the coast of CIRCEII (Circeo), while the sailors proposed to continue in the direction of Greece, CICERO (Cicero) wanted to disembark, perhaps for fear of the sea or because he had not completely deposed the hope of the loyalty of OCTAVIANVS (Octavian). On foot he moved towards Rome; then, after many hesitations, he changed his mind, and descended towards the sea near Astura. Here he spent the night, in grave and desperate thoughts.

After many swirling and contradictory thoughts, he was brought by the servants to CAIETA (Gaeta) by sea. In CAIETA (Gaeta) the orator had farms and a villa for the summer; when he arrived, he lay down on a bed to rest. At this point PLVTARCVHVS (Plutarch) recounts that some crows piled up at the window; one of them approached the bed and with his beak lifted a little cloak from the face of CICERO (Cicero). The servants of the speaker, depressed by these evil signs of destiny, persuaded their master to flee and took him on a litter to the sea.

According to APPIANVS (Appian) (IV 20.77 - 80), "Laenas, who once in a trial, had escaped due to the intervention of CICERO (Cicero), pulled his head out of the litter and pulled it off with three blows, crushing bones out of imperfection. Later, he also cut off the hand with which the speaker had titled PHILIPPICÆ (Philippics): the fourteen vibrant orations pronounced against MARCVS ANTONIVS (Mark Antony), taking as a model the speeches of Demosthenes against Philip II of Macedonia.

MARCVS ANTONIVS (Mark Antony) gave the order that the head and hands of CICERO (Cicero) were nailed on ROSTRA in the FORVM (forum), the orator's tribune so called because it was adorned by ROSTRA subtracted from enemy ships.

The death of Cicero by Livy

MARCVS CICERO SVB ADVENTVM TRIVMVIRORVM VRBE CESSERAT PRO CERTO HABENS, ID QVO ERAT NON MAGIS ANTONIO SE ERIPIQ VAM CÆSARI CASSIVM ET BRVTVM POSSE. PRIMO IN TVSCVLANVM FVGERAT, INDE TRANSVERIS ITINERIBVS IN FORMIANVM VT AB CAIETA NAVEM CONSCENSVRVS PROFICISCITVR. VNDE ALIQVOTIENS IN ALTVM PROVECTVM CVMMOD O VENTI ADVERSI RETTVLISSENT, MODO IPSE IACTATIONEM NAVIS CÆCO VOLVENTE FLVCTV PATI NON POSSET, TÆDIVM TANDEM EVM

ET FVGÆ ET VITÆ CEPIT REGRESSVSQVE ADSVPERIOREM VILLAM, QVAE PAVLO PLVS MILLE PASSIBVS A MARIABEST, MORIAR INQVIT IN PATRIA SÆPE SERVATA. SATIS CONSTATSERVOS FORTITER FIDELITERQVE PARATOS FVISSE AD DIMICAN DVM; IPSVM DEPONI LECTICAM ET QVIETOS PATI QVOD FORS INIQVACOGER ET IVSSISSE. PROMINENTI EX LECTICA PRÆBENTIQVE IMMONTAM CERVICEM CAPVT PRÆCISVM EST. NEC SATIS STOLIDÆ CRVDELITATI MILITVM FVIT: MANVS QVOQVE SCRIPSISSE ALIQVIDIN ANTONIVM EXPROBRANTES PRÆCIDERVNT. ITA RELATVM CAPVTAD ANTONIVM IVSSVQVE EIVS INTER DVAS MANVS IN ROSTRIS POSITVM, VBI ILLE CONSVL, VBI SÆPE CONSVLARIS; VBI EO ISPOANNO ADVERSVS ANTONIVM QVANTA NVLLA VMQVAM HVMANAVOX CVM ADMIRATIONE ELOQVENTIAE AVDITVS FVERAT. VIXATTOLENTES MADENTES LACRIMIS OCVLOS HOMINES INTVERI TRCVIDATI MEMBRA CIVIS POTERANT.

Marcus Cicero shortly before the arrival of the triumvirs he had moved away from what he was, of not being able to escape from Mark Antony any more than to Julius Caesar, Cassio and Brutus. At first he had fled to the Tusculo estate, from there through secondary paths to the villa of Formia with the intention of embarking from Gaeta. And from there both having brought back the contrary winds after several times he had pushed himself into the high seas and not being able himself to bear the shaking of the ship since violent waves were raging, in the end he took boredom both of flight and of life and returned to previous villa, which is a little more than a mile from the sea, "I will die" said in the homeland many times (from me) saved ". It is certain that the slaves were willing to fight courageously and faithfully; (but) he ordered that the litter be laid and that they would bear with ease what the unjust fate imposed. The head was cut off from him who was leaning over the litter and offering his still neck. Nor was it enough for the foolish cruelty of the soldiers: even the hands cut off, disapproving (the fact) that they had written something against Mark Antony. So the head was brought by Mark Antony and by order of him was placed between the two hands in the rostrums, where he from consul, where often from former consul, where in that same year against Mark Antony had been listened with admiration of eloquence as great as

ever, no human voice. With difficulty lifting the eyes wet with tears, people could look at the limbs of the murdered fellow citizen.